PSYCHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS IN MODERNIST PROSE: THE ROLE OF INNER MONOLOGUE IN THE WORKS OF FRANZ KAFKA AND JAMES JOYCE

Abstract

This article examines the psychological representation of human consciousness in modernist prose through the works of Franz Kafka and James Joyce. The research focuses on the artistic methods used by these writers to reveal the inner world of literary characters, including psychological analysis, inner monologue, symbolism, and the stream of consciousness technique. Modernist literature introduced new principles of character creation by emphasizing individual emotions, memories, fears, and existential experiences rather than only external events. Franz Kafka’s prose reflects the tragic aspects of human existence, alienation, loneliness, and the individual’s struggle with an incomprehensible social environment. James Joyce, as one of the founders of modernist narrative techniques, developed the method of stream of consciousness, allowing the reader to follow the natural flow of human thoughts and emotions